Opposing Views

Sites critical of nationalism as a whole or in specific aspects.

Notes on Nationalism - Essay by George Orwell analyzing nationalism and other movements that subordinate the individual to the collective.
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A Criticism of the Idea of Arab Nationalism - Discussion of the conflict between nationalist and religious loyalties in a non-Western context.
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Nationalism - A Political Religion - Essay by anarchist philosopher Rudolf Rocker.
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Patrie, in The Philosophical Dictionary, 1752 - Essay by Voltaire attacking national chauvinism.
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Anarchists Against Nationalism - A web site for all anarchists opposed to nationalism. This site explains what nationalism is and also talks about "national anarchist" theory which it opposes.
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A Re-Examination of the Nation-State as a Category of Historical Analysis - Argues that the concept of national culture is incoherent and dangerous.
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Smash Austria! Smash Nationalism! - Text of an anti-Haider leaflet distributed by a coalition of Austrian groups.
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Antisemitism and Xenophobia Today - A country-by-country report on antisemitism, racism and xenophobia.
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Understanding Xenophobia in Eastern Europe - Includes papers and other resources from a June 2002 symposium held at the Central European University in Budapest.
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Nation, Ethnicity, and Xenophobia - Resources from the research unit at the Hamburg Institute for Social Research. Includes extracts from current projects
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