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Home » Regional » North_America » United_States » Education Education
Cultural and historical reasons have led to a highly decentralized and diversified education system in the American Republic. There are no federal or national institutions save for the military academies, and within most states control of local school districts is devolved to a locally elected school board of non-professionals. Thus, the exact methods, curricula, standards, and practices in education vary from district to district and from state to state. Elementary and secondary education is funded by state or local governments and free to the student; slightly more than 11% of the national student population is enrolled in private education, which range from independent boarding schools to parochial schools operated by Catholic dioceses and orders to schools operated by for-profit consortia. A growing number of students are also home-schooled by their families or private tutors. In most states, education begins at age 5, when children are enrolled in kindergarten. Kindergarten is followed by first grade and then four or five more years of elementary school. After elementary education, students enroll in so-called middle school or junior high school, which encompasses grades 6-8, 7-8, or 7-9 depending on the local practice. High school, i.e. senior high school follows for grades 9-12 or 10-12 depending on the local practice. The high school years are also referred to as freshman, sophomore, junior, and senior years. Starting in 2002, students are required to take periodic standardized achievement tests to be used to rate their performance and that of their schools and districts. K-12 education reformers have succeeded in different areas at creating charter schools, which release a school from certain regulations under a contract to exceed performance; magnet schools, which draw students from a wide area to focus on a particular subject; and school choice programs, in which parents are permitted to select the school their child will attend. During the eleventh or twelfth grades, students intending to pursue higher education apply to postsecondary institutions and take a battery of national examinations known by their initials, such as PSAT/NMSQT, SAT/SAT II, ACT, ASVAB, ELPT, AP, CLEP, and IB. For those who do not, education is typically compulsory between the ages of 6 or 7 and 16. Those without a high school diploma can complete a course known as the GED as adults, which is considered equivalent. Most students continue to post-secondary education, generally referred to as college (i.e. the stage of education, regardless of whether the institution is named a "college," "university," or "institute"). All states sponsor subsidized universities or specialized college systems, and there exist a substantial number of private institutions. The federal government sponsors a number of financial aid programs for higher education in the form of loans, grants, work-study, community service grant, and military service grant programs. In the case of a junior college or community college, the student enrolls in a two-year proram resulting in an associate's degree, usually resulting in certification in a career field. Larger colleges and universities grant bachelor's degrees (e.g. A.B., B.S.) after a 4-year program, although some specialized degrees (e.g. B.Arch, B.F.A.) are stipulated to be 5-year programs. Post-graduate education for masters, doctorate, or professional degrees such as the M.D., J.D., or Ph.D. is supported by the university systems and in some cases by specialized institutions. Continuing education programs are sponsored by many institutions, and cooperative extension programs are required of "land grant" and "sea grant" universities which received land or funding from the federal government at their founding. The U.S. claims a literacy rate exceeding 97%.
Sub-Categories:
| National Library of Education - US federal government's resource center for education information.
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| | RE-SEED - Northeastern University program that prepares engineers, scientists, and other individuals with science backgrounds to assist middle school science teachers with teaching the physical sciences.
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| | National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) - Primary federal entity for collecting and analyzing educational data in the United States and other nations. Survey and program areas, electronic catalog, tables and figures, and locator services are provided.
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| | Global SchoolNet Foundation - Provides online collaborative learning through projects, communication tools and professional development.
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| | National Public School District Locator - Enter search data for a county or city to locate information on the school district including a list of schools.
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| | Regional Technology in Education Consortia - Established to help states, local educational agencies, teachers, school library and media personnel, administrators, and other education entities successfully integrate technologies into kindergarten through 12th grade (K-12) classrooms, library media centers, and other educational settings, including adult literacy centers.
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| | Congressional Hispanic Caucus Institute, Inc. - The Congressional Hispanic Caucus Institute is a nonprofit and nonpartisan leadership development organization established in 1978. Its broad mission is to develop the next generation of Hispanic leadership.
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| | Chinese School Association in the US - Information exchange among hundreds of Chinese schools in the United States, promote joint activities, events; share information related to education in Chinese language and culture.
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| | Education Week on the Web - Weekly news on American education issues. Searchable archives.
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| | Center for Cultural Interchange - Exchange program for students in the U.S.A. and 30 other countries. School year and short-term programs are described, including information on how to become a host family.
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| | Basic School Network - Integrating priorities of member schools into one coherent set of goals and objectives.
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| | American Society of Greek and Latin Epigraphy - A non-profit organization whose purpose is to further research in, and the teaching of, Greek and Latin epigraphy in North America. The Society fosters collaboration in the field and facilitates the exchange of scholarly research and discussion, both in the public forum and in published form.
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| | International Student Guide - Resources for students worldwide who are interested in studying in the United States.
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| | Education Law Association - Nonprofit, nonadvocacy organization that provides unbiased information about current legal issues affecting education in schools, colleges, and universities.
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| | Communities In Schools - Championing the connection of needed community resources with schools to help young people learn, stay in school, and prepare for life.
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| | Fulbright Association - The U.S. alumni membership organization which supports and promotes the Fulbright Program of international educational and cultural exchange
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| | The National Employment Minority Network - Resource organization committed to helping schools and organizations address issues of staff diversity, providing employment and professional development opportunities for minority students and professionals.
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| | National Head Start Association - A private not-for profit membership organization representing the 865,000 children, upwards of 180,000 staff and nearly 2,100 Head Start programs in America.
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| | American Post-Secondary Schools - Find vocational and technical schools, plus colleges and universities, across the USA.
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| | HONESTI: Human Organization to Nix Extensive Student Tuition Increases - Working to educate students and parents about the high cost of education, and what can be done to protest large annual increases.
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| | Foundation for Excellent Schools - A nonprofit, national organization dedicated to bettering the nation's schools through outside funding and community involvement.
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| | AACTE Education Policy Clearinghouse - Provides information to assist users in the study of education policies, especially as related to teacher preparation.
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| | National Coalition of Advocates for Students - A national education advocacy organization that works to achieve equal access to a quality public education for the most vulnerable students - those who are poor, children of color, recently immigrated, or children with disabilities.
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| | Teaching Resource Center - Provides classroom teachers, administrators, and parents with affordable, innovative teaching materials and books for reading and math.
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| | Federal Register - October 1995 to date U.S. Department of Education documents.
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| | Cordell Hull Foundation for International Education - A non-profit organization assists in the recruitment, selection and administration for J-1 visa sponsorship for exchange teachers to teach in bilingual, math, science and ESL programs.
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| | Children's World Learning Centers - National network of child care providers. Offers details on programs such as infant, toddler, preschool, prekindergarten, kindergarten, before and after school, summer camps. Careers, locator tool, and parents' resources are available.
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| | RateMyTeachers.com - Provides students with the opportunity to critique their teachers rating them on easiness, clarity, and helpfulness. Lists teachers and administrators from schools in the U.S. and Canada.
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| | National Institute for Literacy - Descriptions of and pointers to the programs, services, activities, publications, and legislative efforts of this independent federal agency that links the literacy field to state and federal lawmakers.
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| | Education and Human Resources (EHR) Branch, AAAS - Develops models, materials, mechanisms, processes, and networks. Conduct studies and analyses. Promotes real education that connects in-school and out-of-school experiences. Branch of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.
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| | Regional Educational Laboratory (REL) Network - Provides information from research and practice to those involved in educational improvement at the local, state, and regional levels.
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| | School Integrated Pest Management (IPM) - National program, funded by the EPA, that provides information for school administrators, teachers, parents and pest control technicians on reducing pests in schools while reducing the amount of pesticides.
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| | Two Worlds United Educational Foundation - Study abroad and student exchange programs for students and teachers who wish to travel or study an academic year, semester or summer abroad. FAQs, educational facts, program details, and contacts are provided.
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| | National Rural Education Association - Organization of rural school administrators, teachers, board members, regional service agency personnel, researchers, business and industry representatives and others interested in maintaining the vitality of rural school systems across the country.
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| | Pennsylvania - Timothy School, The - An approved private non-profit day school in Berwyn serving children diagnosed with autism or pervasive developmental disorders (PDD).
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| | Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs (ECA), Department of State - Includes coverage of International Visitor Program, Fulbright Program, Office of English Language Programs, Educational Information and Resources Branch, International Exchanges, and related programs.
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| | Heartspring - Serves children with varying degrees of disabilities through Heartspring School, the Growing Place and the Hearing Center. Details on national and regional programs based out of Wichita, Kansas.
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| | I Love Schools, Inc. - Charitable group connecting private donors to less-privileged US schools and teachers to help provide supplies not publicly funded. Sponsorship, direct donation, wish list.
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| | Huntington Learning Centers - Nationally franchised tutoring and enrichment programs searchable by zip code. Franchise and affiliate inquiry forms.
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