Horticulture

Includes professional commercial sites
Amateur gardening is in Home:Gardens
Horticulture as a science is in Science:Agriculutre and may later be moved to Science:Agriculture and Forestry:Horticulture

Horticulture is the culture of gardens, both as a science and as a practice. Derived from the Anglo-Saxon gyrdan, to enclose, the garden is a relatively small area cultivated intensively to produce fruit plants, vegetables, and ornamentals. The scope of horticulture is expanded greatly in the 21st century to include among crop plants all fleshy edible fruits, green leaves and stems eaten as vegetables, and all ornamental crops with the possible exception of turfgrasses under some conditions involving production in large extensive areas.

Comparison with other areas of plant science
(agronomy, field crops, forestry, and range management)

Agronomy

Agronomy (including Field Crops and Soils) is the science of field crop production. Derived from the Old English feld akin to the Dutch veld field crops are produced in large open areas and less intensively than in gardens. Derived from the medieval northern European usage, field crops include sources of food carbohydrates and cellulose for people and animals. They include the cereal grains (wheat, rye, etc.), pastures (both grasses and legumes), and certain root crops such as the potato which was not introduced into cultivation in Europe until after the discovery of the New World.

While we refer here to agronomy as a science including soil science and crop science, "field crops" is the best term to refer to the plants studied in agronomy, because essentially anything harvested is a crop.

Forestry and Range Management

The third area of applied plant science, forestry and range management includes plants (and animals) which grow in large ecosystems not usually cropped on an annual basis, including uncleared or partially cleared areas with mixed resources of plants and animals. Multiple uses of such areas are common, including outdoor recreation. Fisheries is sometimes considered part of forestry.

Food plants: Horticulture, or Agronomy, or Forestry and Range?

Virtually all crops producing fleshy edible fruits belong in horticulture as either fruit crops or vegetables. They include the traditional temperate berries (tomato), pepoes (cucurbits), hesperidia (citrus), drupes (stone crops such as peach), pomes (apples), and a wide variety of tropical fruits. Even crops with dry fruits such as legumes (garden pea) belong in horticulture when they are harvested and consumed in the fresh undehisced immature stage, whereas otherwise the dry fruits (e.g., common bean) belong in field crops when they are harvested dry as "grains." All crops producing fleshy edible leaves and stems (e.g., vegetable greens such as spinach) also belong in horticulture, except plants producing primarily carbohydrate in large areas (e.g., sugar crops such as sugarbeet and sugarcane) are field crops. Forage plants eaten by animals (e.g., pastures, paddocks, silage, green hay, and green chop) are normally part of agronomy, except when they are produced in large ecosystems they are considered part of range management.

Terrestrial non-food plants: Horticulture, Agronomy, or Forestry and Range?

Cultivated plants which are not food for people or animals can be classified in either horticulture or agronomy or forestry, depending on the intensity of cultivation, the family of plant, and historical precedent. Ornamental plants are always in horticulture except when they are produced extensively in large areas (turfgrass seed and sod, and highway and conservation grasses) in which case they are normally considered in agronomy not horticulture. However, plants usually native plants which are grown in preserves are part of forestry. Forestry also includes trees cut for lumber and pulp wood (as well as outdoor recreation management and wildlife management). Plants producing industrial products such as non-edible oils, resins, non-edible fibers, latexes, and dyes are often in agronomy, with exceptions. The more extensively produced crops such as crambe and flax (linseed oil is used both as a drying oil in paint and as an edible oil in some developing areas) are in agronomy. The more intensively produced crops such as Jojoba are in horticulture. Plants used for conservation such as embankment stabilization, restoration of damaged habitats, and wildflowers used along highways could be classified in either agronomy, horticulture, or forestry, depending on the situation. The grasses would normally belong in agronomy, the amenity plants in horticulture, and plants used in extensive areas, especially in forests, would normally belong in forestry.

Aquatic non-food plants

If a plant is an Embryophyte including Spermatopsida (seed plants: flowering plants, conifers, etc.) as well as hornworts and ferns then it is classified in horticulture, agronomy, or forestry according to the intensity of its cultivation. If a plant is an algae (including seagrasses) then it may not normally be included in field crops, horticulture, or forestry. Instead, the tendency is to include it in Science:Biology:Ecology.

Live_Plants

Turfgrass

Sub-Categories:

Advanced Environmental Structures - Greenhouses, thermal screens, solar kilns, coverings, and hydroponics services. Design, construction. Gear driven rolling screens. Mandurah, Western Australia.
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Horticulture Network - Commercial promotion web site for U. S. horticulture industry with links to products by various horticulture related vendors.
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Yalaha Nurseries and Fernery - Cut foliage and foliage roping and garland for wholesale florists. Cut greens include leather leaf, sword fern, Aspidistra, Cocculus, ribbon grass, sprengeri, ming, rush, and beauty berry. Serving the floral industry since 1898. Yalaha, Florida.
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TnNursery.com - Searchable database of ca. 100 wholesale and retail nurseries, nursery products (nursery-grown plants) and suppliers in Warren County, Tennessee, which is known as "The Nursery Capital of the World."
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Suttons Consumer Products - Seeds, plants, bulbs, young plants, and other horticultural products for amateur gardeners in the United Kingdom and for export around the world. Lawn seed, seed displays, Horticultural Heritage decorative greeting cards and gardening nostalgia, and plant care products such as water storage crystals. Paigtnon, Devon, England.
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Bill Moore & Company - Broker of young plants and other starter materials including seedlings, cuttings, offsets, liners, tissue-cultured, and air-layered plants. Ornamental plants include cut flowers, flowering pot plants, holiday pots, annuals, perennials, tropical flowering, landscape, bulbs, and baskets.
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Wholesale Nurseries Listings and Buyers Guide - Links and searchable database to 1200 wholesale nurseries covering over 5000 species of plants. Covers mostly Southeastern United States, from Texas to Florida.
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FindPlants Plant Locator Service - Plants and trees locator service for wholesale plant buyers, nursery owners, growers or landscape designers. Database access available for limited free trial membership to green industry professionals. Most grower members are in the northeastern United States.
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Golden Eagle Tree Farm - Trees and shrubs for cool temperate areas including species and improved varieties of pines, spruce, yew, maples, ash, and many others. Production maintenance involves pruning to develop well structured canopies to reduce subsequent maintenance and create an attractive landscape. Pitt Meadow, British Columbia, Canada.
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Northern Lights Co. Discount Growlights - High pressure sodium and metal halide lighting for horticulture. Light fixtures, bulbs and accessories.
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Indiana Berry & Plant Co. - Indiana based sellers of common and unusual berry plants.
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Floraguide - Worldwide directory of horticultural companies such as nurseries and garden centers. Grouped by countries as well as kinds of plants. Links to gardening software. Available in Spanish, English, German, French, Italian, Portuguese and Dutch.
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Lynx Horticultural Systems - Manufacturer of fruit grading equipment for the packing industry. Products include sizing equipment, singulators, fruit weighing equipment, and color readers for packhouses. Auckland, New Zealand.
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Giles Landscapes - Based in Welney, Cambridgeshire. Soft landscaping and hard landscaping.
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Nutri-Tech Solutions Pty Ltd - An Australian company specialising in organic fertilisers. Offers free soil therapy check.
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Central Sod Farms, Inc. - A turfgrass producer with farms in Maryland and Illinois, providing premium Kentucky bluegrass sod and bentgrass varieties.
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Azrom Greenhouses - Design, engineering and production of greenhouses for many crop requirements and climatic conditions.
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Texas Palms and Ponds - Texas Palms and Ponds is a grower and wholesale/retailer of Houston hardy palm trees.
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Greenhouse Growers Tradeshow Online - For greenhouse growers, suppliers and manufactures. Canada.
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Floriculture Worldwide Network - Industry news, conference schedules, and books on bedding plants, pot plants, and cut flowers from Ball Publishing's magazines GrowerTalks, Green Profit, FloraCulture International and Seed Trade News.
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Rapid Automated Systems, Inc. - Portable and staionary automatic transplanters for flats and pots of horticultural plants. Products include the Rapid Transplanter and the Rapid Tagger. Jennison, Michigan.
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Blackmore Company - Greenhouse equipment including automated seeders (seed sowing equipment), flat fillers, plug transplanters, taggers. Greenhouse supplies include a full line of plug trays, and growing flats and pots. Belleville, Michigan.
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APEX Fertilizer - Find out about horticultural fertilizers featuring application-specific formulations that incorporate POLYON controlled-release technology.
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Plant Industries Management: Horticulture, University of Minnesota, Crookston - Academic programs in horticulture.
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It's the Touch - Foliage and plant design, foliage sales, foliage maintenance. It's the Touch specializes in interior and exterior plant maintenance (watering, recuperation, leaf clearing, repotting) in central Oregon including Bend, Redmond, and Sunriver. Bend, Oregon.
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Gardenforum.co.uk - Garden Forum links all people within the garden and horticulture industry with information, advice and news.
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HPP WorldWide - Exhibition and conference organisers.
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Creative Packaging Inc. - Automatic bagging systems for bark mulch, compost and colored wood chips used in horticultural and decorative landscaping.
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Jungle Jims - Manufactures lawn accessory products.
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Artistic Arborist - A full service arborist, offering removal, planting, consulting, expert witness, tree care supplies, and online shopping.
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Halton Landscapes - Landscape contractors based in Widnes, Cheshire, UK.
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Leisure and Living: Horticulture - Directory of garden centres, retail nurseries, wholesale nurseries and landscape gardeners.
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Advanced Greenhouse Manufacturing Ltd. - Canadian manufacturer of Thermo-Gro hobby greenhouse kits.
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Hendry County Horticulture - Southwest Florida vegetable pest and disease hotline, vegetables newsletter, and links. Crops covered include watermelon, tomato, pepper. Actively changing content covers pesticides, biocontrol, and the FQPA (Food Quality Protection Act.) University of Florida Cooperative Extension Service, LaBelle, Hendry County, Florida.
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The Vegetable Growers News - Includes US vegetable industry news, online buyer's guide, and vegetable industry links.
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American Nursery and Landscape Association - Provides education and training, research, public relations, and representation for its members. Includes membership details, industry description, event calendar, publications, and details of political involvement.
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Sadot Irrigation Systems - Makes and supplies irrigation and fertiliser application systems for glasshouse systems.
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Bascom Maple Farms - Provides equipment and supplies for the extraction of maple syrup.
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Pacific Coast Nurseryman - PCN serves the Green Industry wholesale/retail nurseries and landscapers in Western USA.
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Landscape Link, Inc. - Network for landscape professionals to locate plant material, equipment and supplies.
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Ezee-Roll - Supplies wagons, trailers, carts, planters, and flower boxes.
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Hungarian Horticulture - Detailed account of horticulture in the country, its prospects, statistics, methods.
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Agresource - Organic waste management services and compost products. Includes produscts, articles, and information on uses.
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vitrotech - Offers a range of orchard and horticultural plants grown by tissue culture.
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U.S. Global Resources (USGR) - Equipment supplier for greenhouses, greenhouse projects, seed and plant propagation, reforestation nurseries and general nursery applications.
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Southern Sun BioSystems - Provides commercial plant propagation systems, including environment control systems.
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Acorn Planting Products - Shelters, guards, ties and mulching materials for trees and shrubs.
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Atlas Greenhouse Systems - Manufacturer of commercial, educational and hobby greenhouses and cold frames.
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USDA - Fruit and Vegetable Market Programs - Part of the Agricultural Marketing Service of the USDA. Describes scope, services, committees, and has a selection of links.
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International Society of Arboriculture UK&I Chapter - United Kingdom and Ireland branch. Treecare advice and information for finding a certified arborist.
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Flowerweb - Offers information about aspects of the flower industry, including e-commerce services, a searchable database with companies in the flora industry, news and weather reports.
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Horticopia - Software references featuring plant pictures and data designed for landscapers, nursery, garden center, and education. Plant tag software. Includes product and ordering information, extensive plant list, and company information.
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Mailorder Gardening Association - Includes members, membership information, and consumer information.
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Web Search for Horticulture Agriculture and Forestry Business - News search for Horticulture Agriculture and Forestry Business - encyclopedia entries for Horticulture Agriculture and Forestry Business

Horticulture

Horticulture

Comparison with other areas of plant science (agronomy, field crops, forestry, and range management)

Agronomy

Forestry and Range Management

Food plants: Horticulture, or Agronomy, or Forestry and Range?

Terrestrial non-food plants: Horticulture, Agronomy, or Forestry and Range?

Aquatic non-food plants

Comparison with other areas of plant science
(agronomy, field crops, forestry, and range management)